Time units

Time units
Lengths of time
a second
= une seconde
a minute
= une minute
an hour
= une heure
a day
= un jour
a week
= une semaine
a month
= un mois
a year
= un an/une année
a century
= un siècle
For time by the clockThe clock ; for days of the weekThe days of the week ; for monthsThe months of the year ; for datesDate.
How long?
Note the various ways of translating take into French.
how long does it take?
= combien de temps faut-il?
it took me a week
= cela m’a pris une semaine or il m’a fallu une semaine
I took an hour to finish it
= j’ai mis une heure pour le terminer
it’ll only take a moment
= c’est l’affaire de quelques instants
Translate both spend and have as passer :
to have a wonderful evening
= passer une soirée merveilleuse
to spend two days in Paris
= passer deux jours à Paris
Use dans for in when something is seen as happening in the future :
I’ll be there in an hour
= je serai là dans une heure
in three weeks’ time
= dans trois semaines
Use en for in when expressing the time something took or will take :
he did it in an hour
= il l’a fait en une heure
The commonest translation of for in the ‘how long’ sense is pendant :
I worked in the factory for a year
= j’ai travaillé à l’usine pendant un an
But use pour for for when the length of time is seen as being still to come :
we’re here for a month
= nous sommes là pour un mois
And use depuis for for when the action began in the past and is or was still going on :
she has been here for a week
= elle est ici depuis huit jours
she had been there for a year
= elle était là depuis un an
I haven’t seen her for years
= je ne l’ai pas vue depuis des années
Note the use of de when expressing how long something lasted or will last :
a two-minute delay
= un retard de deux minutes
an eight-hour day
= une journée de huit heures
five weeks’ pay
= cinq semaines de salaire
When?
In the past
when did it happen?
= quand est-ce que c’est arrivé?
two minutes ago
= il y a deux minutes
a month ago
= il y a un mois
years ago
= il y a des années
it’ll be a month ago on Tuesday
= ça fera un mois mardi
it’s years since he died
= il y a des années qu’il est mort
a month earlier
= un mois plus tôt
a month before
= un mois avant or un mois auparavant
the year before
= l’année d’avant or l’année précédente
the year after
= l’année d’après or l’année suivante
a few years later
= quelques années plus tard
after four days
= au bout de quatre jours
last week
= la semaine dernière
last month
= le mois dernier
last year
= l’année dernière
a week ago yesterday
= il y a eu huit jours hier
a week ago tomorrow
= il y aura huit jours demain
the week before last
= il y a quinze jours
over the past few months
= au cours des derniers mois
In the future
when will you see him?
= quand est-ce que tu le verras?
in a few days
= dans quelques jours (see also above, the phrases with in translated by dans)
any day now
= d’un jour à l’autre
next week
= la semaine prochaine
next month
= le mois prochain
next year
= l’année prochaine
this coming week
= la semaine qui vient or (more formally) au cours de la semaine à venir
over the coming months
= au cours des mois à venir
a month from tomorrow
= dans un mois demain
How often?
how often does it happen?
= cela arrive tous les combien?
every Thursday
= tous les jeudis
every week
= toutes les semaines
every year
= tous les ans
every second day
= tous les deux jours
every third month
= tous les trois mois
day after day
= jour après jour
year after year
= année après année
the last Thursday of the month
= le dernier jeudi du mois
twice a month
= deux fois par mois
once every three months
= une fois tous les trois mois
How much an hour (etc)?
how much do you get an hour?
= combien gagnez-vous de l’heure?
I get $20
= je gagne 20 dollars de l’heure
to be paid $20 an hour
= être payé 20 dollars de l’heure
but note :
to be paid by the hour
= être payé à l’heure
how much do you earn a month?
= combien gagnez-vous par mois?
$3,000 a month
= 3000 dollars par mois
Forms in -ée : an/année, matin/matinée etc.
The -ée forms are often used to express a rather vague amount of time passing or spent in something, and so tend to give a subjective slant to what is being said, as in :
a long day/evening/year
= une longue journée/soirée/année
a whole day
= toute une journée or une journée entière
we spent a lovely day there
= nous y avons passé une journée merveilleuse
When an exact number is specified, the shorter forms are generally used, as in :
it lasted six days
= cela a duré six jours
two years’ military service
= deux ans de service militaire
However there is no strict rule that applies to all of these words. If in doubt, check in the dictionary.

Big English-French dictionary. 2003.

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